Yaum e Majdoor (Labour Day)

 

Labour Day

Mazdoor Ke Huqooq – Hadees Nabwi (SAW)

"Mazdoor ko uski mazdoori uske pasina sukhne se pehle de do."
(Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadees No. 2443)

Yaum e Majdoor (Labour Day) : All working people including un-skilled Job, semi-skilled Job, skilled Job.

Matlab kiya hain:-

Din ke 24 ghante ko 3 parts me baata

i)                    8 ghanta Kamai

ii)                   8 ghanta Rest/Sleep

iii)                 8 ghanta Hobbies/Recreation Activity/Personal Time/Family Time

Hafte (week) me sirf 40 ghante Kaam aur hafte me 2 din ki chhutti

 

International Evolution
Haymarket Affair (Chicago, 1886)

Labour Day ka Bunyadi Waqia:

Labour Day ki tareekh mein aik aham waqia Haymarket Affair tha, jo 4 May 1886 ko Chicago mein waqeh hua.

Us din, 8 ghantay ka kaam ka waqt tay karne ke haq mein aik pur-aman rally ho rahi thi, magar halat us waqt kharab ho gaye jab kisi ne police par bomb phaink diya, jiske natije mein kuch police afsar aur awami afrad halak ho gaye.

Is Haymarket bombing ke baad chand anarchist afrad ko is waqia ka zimmedar thehra kar faansi de di gayi.

Yeh waqia mazdooron ke huqooq ki jung ka aik nishan ban gaya, aur isi ki yaad mein Labour Day manaya jata hai.

 

Indian Evolution

First Labour Day Celebration in India (1923)

• Date: May 1, 1923
• Place: Chennai (then Madras)
• Organized by: Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan, led by Comrade Singaravelu Chettiar
• This marked the first celebration of Labour Day in India and was also the first time the red flag was used in India as a symbol of the working class.

Indian Law on Labour/Employment

1. Factories Act, 1948

• Purpose: To regulate working conditions in factories.
• Key Provisions:
• Ensures the health, safety, and welfare of workers.
• Specifies maximum working hours (typically 48 hours per week).
• Mandates minimum working age (no child labor below 14).
• Provides rules for leave, overtime, ventilation, and sanitation.
• Applicability: Applies to factories with 10 or more workers (if power is used) or 20 or more (without power).

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2. Minimum Wages Act, 1948

• Purpose: To ensure that workers receive fair wages.
• Key Provisions:
• Empowers the central and state governments to fix minimum wages.
• Covers both skilled and unskilled labor across various sectors.
• Mandates periodic review and revision of wage rates.
• Applicability: Applies to specified "scheduled employments" in agriculture, industry, and service sectors.

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3. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

• Purpose: To provide a legal framework for resolving industrial disputes.
• Key Provisions:
• Encourages conciliation, arbitration, and adjudication of disputes.
• Defines terms like strike, lockout, layoff, retrenchment.
• Establishes Industrial Tribunals and Labour Courts.
• Requires prior notice for layoffs or closures in certain industries.
• Applicability: Applies to all industrial establishments, including factories, mines, and plantations.

Legal Provisions – Factories Act, 1948 (also reflected in many State Shops & Establishments Acts)

✅ Maximum Working Hours per Day (including overtime):

• Normal Working Hours: 9 hours/day (Section 54)
• Overtime Limit: Up to 3 hours/day
• Total Max Working Hours per Day: 12 hours/day (including breaks)

#State Variations

Group 1: States with Similar Labor Regulations

State	Overtime Rate	Max Overtime Hours/Month	Earned Leave (EL)	Weekly Working Hours
Uttar Pradesh	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	15 days/year	48 hours
Delhi	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	15 days/year	48 hours
Gujarat	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	21 days/year	48 hours
Maharashtra	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	21 days/year	48 hours
Tamil Nadu	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	12 days/year	48 hours
Karnataka	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	30 days/year	48 hours
West Bengal	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	21 days/year	48 hours

Group 2: States with Different Regulations on Overtime, Max Hours, and EL

State	Overtime Rate	Max Overtime Hours/Month	Earned Leave (EL)	Weekly Working Hours
Andhra Pradesh	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	15 days/year	48 hours
Telangana	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	15 days/year	48 hours
Chhattisgarh	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	30 days/year	48 hours
Kerala	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	12 days/year	48 hours
Haryana	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	15 days/year	48 hours
Bihar	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	1 day per 20 days worked	48 hours
Rajasthan	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	1 day per 20 days worked	48 hours
Odisha	2x normal wage	50 hours/month	1 day per 20 days worked	48 hours

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Key Insights:

1. Overtime Rate: In Group 1 and Group 2, the overtime rate is 2x normal wage in all states.
2. Maximum Overtime Hours: Most states allow up to 50 overtime hours per month across both groups.
3. Earned Leave (EL):
• States in Group 1: Generally offer 15–30 days of earned leave, with Karnataka and Chhattisgarh being exceptions at 30 days.
• States in Group 2: Typically offer 12–15 days, with exceptions like Bihar and Rajasthan offering leave on a pro-rata basis (1 day per 20 days worked).
4. Weekly Working Hours:
• All states listed maintain a 48-hour workweek as the legal maximum under labor laws.

Sick Leave: 12 Sick leave on actual sick

 

Indian Muslim Conditions:-

India Bahaut se Muslim bhai Rojana 12 ghante kaam krte hain. Hafte me 7 din kaam krte hain.Unhe koi haftvari chhuti bhi nahi milti hain.

Yaani wo hafte me 84 ghante hain kaam krte hain. Jaki as per Law hafte me sirf 48 ghante kaam liya ja sakta hain.

3 ghante daily Over time lagakr bhi had me had me had 6 X 12= 72 ghante kaam liya ja sakta hain.

Isme Qanoon ke khilaf kaam karaya jaata hain.

Isme 2 tarah ke log hain.

1.       Ek wo hain jo formal sector me kaam krte hain. Jinki waqayda joining hoti hain. Salari slip milti hain.

2.       Dosro wo jo informal sector me kaam krte hain. Unki koi joining nahi hoti. Contract par ya temporary kaam me lagaya jaate hain.

 Conclusion:-

Aaaj ke is modern time me bhi un-skilled Job jaise Labour work aur Semi-skilled Job job jaise supervisor, purchaser, mistri, workshop, carpenter bagaaira logo se hafte me 48 ghanta qanoon ke khilaaf kaam karaya jaata hain. Unko kuch krne ka personal time nahi milta hain. Isliye ye log kuch aage badh nahi pate hain. family ko time nahi de paate hain.

Refrence:-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6znBtCjhos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kePyliKqy0o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGfnRtUmPnM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFit8Ejo9DU