12th Physics Syllabus

 12th Physics Syllabus

Unit I: Electrostatics

The major topics covered in this section include:

• Electric charge and its quantization
• Conservation of charge
• Coulomb's Law and force between point charges
• Superposition principle and continuous distribution of charge
• Electric field and electric field lines
• Electric field due to electric charge and electric dipole
• Electric field intensity (E) and electric flux
• Electric potential (V) and potential gradient
• Gauss's Theorem and its application
• Torque and potential energy in electric fields
• Electric potential due to a body of charges
• Connection of capacitors in series and parallel
• Bound charge and free charge in a conductor

Unit II: Current Electricity

This unit covers the following topics:

• Electric current and flow in metallic conductors
• Drift velocity, mobility, and current density
• Ohm's Law, electric resistance, and V-I characteristics
• Electric energy, power, resistivity, and conductivity
• Carbon resistors color coding and thermal dependency of resistance
• Internal resistance of a cell, EMF, and potential difference of a cell
• Electric cells: primary and secondary cells
• Balanced Wheatstone Bridge and Meter Bridge
• Terminal Potential Difference of a Cell and Potentiometer

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

The major topics covered in this section are as follows:

• Magnetic field and Oersted's experiment
• Biot-Savart's law in a ring of charge
• Ampere's law and its application
• Force on an electric conductor in a constant magnetic field
• Force between two parallel electric conductors
• Voltmeter, Ammeter, and Oersted's Experiment
• Ampere's Swimming Rule
• Maxwell's Cork Screw Rule
• Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor
• Biot-Savart's Law and Right Hand Thumb Rule
• Fleming's Left-Hand Rule and Magnetic Dipole
• Ampere's Circuital Law, Solenoid, Toroid, and Lorentz Force
• Cyclotron - principle and limitations
• Current Sensitivity and Voltage Sensitivity

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

The major topics covered in this section are as follows:

• Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
• Motional EMF, Self-Induction, and Mutual Induction
• Fleming's Right-Hand Rule and Lenz's law
• Coefficient of Self-Induction and Mutual Induction
• Grouping of Coils

Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves

The major topics covered in this section includes the following:

• Displacement Current and Ampere-Maxwell Law
• Electromagnetic Waves and Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Earth's Atmosphere and Communication
• Analog Signal, Modulation, Demodulation, and Radio Waves
• Microwave Propagation, Satellite Communication, Remote Sensing, and Optical Fibres

Unit VI: Optics

The major topics covered in this section includes:

• Light and its Characteristics
• Laws of Reflection and types of mirrors
• Plane Mirror and Spherical Mirror
• Magnification and Linear Magnification
• Areal, Axial Magnification, and Lateral inversion
• Laws of Refraction and Refractive Index
• Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection (TIR)
• Optical Fibres, Lens, and Power of a Lens
• Focal Length of a Lens Combination and Linear Magnification
• Focal Length of a Convex Lens by Displacement Method
• Cutting of a Lens, Prism, Human Eye, Camera, Simple Microscope, and Scattering of Light

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

The major topics covered in this section are as follows:

• Photoelectric effect and Planck's idea
• Hertz and Lenard's Experiment
• Threshold Frequency and Wave Function

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei

The forllowing are the topics covered in this section:

• Nucleus and its properties
• Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones, and Isomers
• Nuclear Force, Nuclear Binding Energy, and Mass Defect
• Radioactivity, Nuclear Reactor, Nuclear Fission and Thermonuclear Energy

Unit IX: Electronic Devices

This unit cover the following topics:

• Solids and their types (Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline)
• Liquid Crystals and Crystal Lattice
• Energy Bands of Solids and Thermionic Emission
• Diode, Types of Semiconductor, p-n Junction, and Rectifier
• LED Characteristics, Photodiodes, and Solar Cells
• Zener Diodes as Voltage Controllers
• Transistor and its characteristics
• Basic Logic Gates (OR, AND, NOT) and Combination of Gates (NAND, NOR)